Can You Really Ward Off A Cold?

With cold and flu season upon us, I thought we could all use a refresher on how to fight disease naturally...

Americans are turning in high numbers to natural supplements for everything from colds to memory lapses. In fact, there are so many options and variations that the real challenge is knowing what to take. For example, if you're looking for a mood booster, you might think about upping your omega-3s. And if you're worried about cholesterol, loading up on lycopene may be helpful. The key is not to wait for springtime to try them.

Immunity, Cold And Flu

Echinacea - This daisylike cone flower, used as a medicinal remedy since the late 1800s, is now known as the cold and flu supplement. It also helps boost immune response.

How it Works - Echinacea acts like virus-fighting interferon, which helps resist infection.

The Lowdown - A meta-analysis of 16 trials found that echinacea helps prevent as well as treat common cold symptoms more effectively than a placebo.

Expert Testimony - "People should take echinacea before cold symptoms really even begin—when you're just starting to feel achy," says Glenn S. Rothfeld, a physician and medical director of WholeHealth New England, an integrative medicine practice in Arlington, Massachusetts. "If you catch symptoms early enough, echinacea can stop a cold in its tracks."

Did You Know? Up until the introduction of powerful antibiotics in the 1930s, many Americans relied on this native plant to fight off infections. Echinacea's star rose again with the herbal revival of the 1970s.

Suggested Dose - For cold symptoms, take 50 to 300 mg, two to four times daily, depending on extract concentration. Supplements using aboveground parts of E. purpurea and roots of E. pallida are best. Echinacea should not be taken continuously.

Zinc - This essential trace mineral participates in hundreds of bodily functions, from immunity to sense of smell. In lozenge form, when taken at the first inkling of a cold, it can minimize the severity and duration of symptoms.

How it Works - Zinc lozenges appear to destroy the cold and flu virus in the mouth. The mineral likely eases symptoms—runny nose, sore throat, cough—by decreasing chemicals involved in the pathways of inflammation.

The Lowdown - Studies are mixed, but generally positive. In one trial of 50 people, cold symptoms, especially coughing, disappeared about three days earlier in those who sucked on zinc lozenges (versus placebo) every two hours.

Expert Testimony - Both zinc gluconate and zinc acetate lozenges have been studied, but it's not clear which is more effective. "If one formulation doesn't work, try the other next time," says Carol Haggans at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements.

Did You Know? - Balk at the disagreeable flavor of zinc lozenges? Resist swigging orange juice to wash out the taste; citrus fruits can decrease the bioavailability of zinc.

Suggested Dose - Take a lozenge every two hours during waking hours, for as long as symptoms persist. Avoid exceeding total daily dosage of 40 mg. Concentrations vary, so check the label.

Boot campers! Remember to stay hydrated even if you're freezing your butts off out there or enjoying the summer like weather. And be sure to drink lots after your workout. Water, that is!