Recipe Day - Roasted Red Pepper Chicken and Avocado Salad

Looking for a cool salad to fill you up this summer? Here's a delicious recipe from our partners over at Prograde Nutrition for you.

Roasted Red Pepper Chicken and Avocado Salad


1 medium ripe avocado, peeled, pitted and sliced

1 tsp. lemon juice

1 bag (10 oz.) torn romaine lettuce (about 10 cups)

2 cups shredded cooked chicken

1 medium tomato, cut into wedges

1 small cucumber, sliced

1/4 of a medium Vidalia or Walla Walla onion, chopped

½ cup Red Pepper

1/2 cup Light or Fat-free Italian Dressing

¼ cup Parmesan Cheese

Directions:


Toss avocados with lemon juice in large salad bowl.

Add lettuce, chicken, tomatoes, cucumbers and onions; mix lightly.

Add dressing; toss to coat.

Sprinkle with parmesan cheese.

Serve immediately.

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10 Nutrition Myths That Won't Die!

Old myths die hard. And when it comes to diet and health, the misconceptions are endless. Some myths have been around for decades ("vitamin C prevents colds"), while others are relatively new ("drink green tea to ward off cancer"). And, with all that conflicting research out there, it's hard to know what to believe and what not to believe.

Granted, it's not that these beliefs are dead wrong. More often, they're promising theories that are backed by too little evidence. Or they're outdated ideas that have crumpled under the weight of recent research. Today we'll look at the first 5 assumptions that people rarely question.

1. Soy foods prevent breast cancer - Most women will do whatever they can to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Maybe that's why they're so willing to believe that the plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) in soy can keep the disease at bay. Yet so far, the evidence is weak.

Researchers in the Netherlands recently reviewed 13 studies -- largely from China and Japan -- that looked at soy and the risk of breast cancer (Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 77: 171, 2003). "Overall, results do not show protective effects, with the exception maybe for women who consume phytoestrogens at adolescence or at very high doses," concludes Petra Peeters of the University Medical Center in Utrecht.

The bottom line: It's still too early to say whether soy -- or other phytoestrogens -- might protect the breast.

What about prostate cancer and hot flashes? Soy's impact on the risk of prostate cancer is still muddy, in part because most Americans eat too little soy for studies to detect any lower risk. However, researchers have tested soy's impact on PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels, with mixed results.

In a recent study, soy grits (about 2 ounces a day) lowered PSA by 13% in eight men with prostate cancer (Urology 64: 510, 2004). In studies on healthy men, though, PSA didn't budge (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 13: 644, 2004). And experts are now questioning whether small changes in PSA levels matter.

As for hot flashes, so far, well-designed studies have found that soy (or plant estrogens from supplements like red clover) has little impact on hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. Researchers at the University of Minnesota recently examined 20 trials on menopause and soy foods, beverages, powders, or extracts. Nearly all came up empty (Obstet. Gynecol. 104: 824, 2004).

"The available evidence suggests that phytoestrogens available as soy foods, soy extracts, and red clover extracts do not improve hot flushes or other menopausal symptoms," conclude Minnesota's Erin Krebs and colleagues.

The bottom line: Soy foods do seem to lower cholesterol, so they may help protect your heart. But whether they do more is a question mark.

2. Olive is the healthiest oil

Fish oil is probably the healthiest, but you can't pour it on your salad or cook with it. Olive is certainly one of the good oils. Whether it's the best is unclear.

"Canola is probably better than olive oil because it's lower in saturated fat," says Alice Lichtenstein of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston. "What's more, canola has more polyunsaturated fat than olive oil, "and polys lower LDL ['bad' cholesterol] more than monos."

So why not stick with soy and canola? Both have more of a polyunsaturated fat called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) than olive. ALA is an omega-3 fat that may help lower the risk of heart disease. But if preliminary studies hold up, ALA may also raise (slightly) the risk of prostate cancer. Right now that's a big if.

And there are other ways to cut back on ALA. "Red meat and dairy fat are also sources of ALA, and they have been more consistently related to higher prostate cancer risk," says Ed Giovannucci of the Harvard School of Public Health.

Our advice: at home, switch off between canola and olive.

4. If your blood sugar, triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood pressure aren't high, you don't have to worry.

Even before you hit "high," you hit trouble. Your risk of a heart attack, stroke, or diabetes doesn't jump from low to high when your number crosses a sharp cutoff. It's gradual. That's why experts keep ratcheting down what's "normal." For example:

Blood sugar. In April 2004, the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) announced that 40% of U.S. adults have "pre-diabetes," which means their fasting blood sugar is between 100 and 125. (Over 125 is diabetes.) Using the old cutoff (110), only 20% of adults had pre-diabetes.

Blood pressure. In May 2003, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) declared that an estimated 22 million Americans have pre-hypertension -- that is, blood pressure over 120 (systolic) or over 80 (diastolic). (Another 25% have hypertension, or high blood pressure, which starts at 140 over 90.)

Triglycerides. Triglycerides under 200 used to be "normal." Now normal ends at 150, and "borderline high" ranges from 150 to 200, says the NHLBl.

HDL ("good") cholesterol. The lower your HDL, the higher your risk of heart disease. "Low" used to be 35 or below. Now it's 40 or below (for men) and 50 or below (for women).

LDL ("bad") cholesterol. A "borderline high" LDL is 130 to 160. But 129 isn't ideal. So NHLBI now makes it clear that only LDLs under 100 are "optimal." An LDL between 100 and 129 is "above optimal."

Why do the numbers keep shifting? Studies show that people in that gray area between "low" and "high" are at risk. Take blood sugar. Many people with pre-diabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years. But not if they do something about it.

"Research has clearly shown that losing 5% to 7% of body weight through diet and increased physical activity can prevent or delay pre-diabetes from progressing to type 2 diabetes," explains NIDDK director Allen Spiegel. "The emphasis has shifted from treatment to prevention," says Tufts's Alice Lichtenstein. And most people can prevent illness with diet, exercise, or other lifestyle changes.

5. People gain a lot of weight over the holidays.

Office parties, neighborhood gatherings, family celebrations -- from Thanksgiving to New Year's Day, most Americans are surrounded by luscious, tempting, irresistible food. So the conventional wisdom -- that most of us start the new year about 5 pounds heavier -- seems reasonable. Reasonable but not necessarily true.

In 2000, researchers tracked 200 people from late September to early March, and, in some cases, into June (New Eng. J. Med. 342: 861, 2000). On average, they gained only about a pound during the holidays. But that doesn't mean you can live it up from turkey to eggnog:

• You might not lose what you gained. In the study, most people lost little weight after the holidays, whether they tried to or not. And 1 pound is half of what the average person gains in a year. Those 2 pounds may not seem like much, but after 10 years, they could easily move you from trim to chubby.


• You may not be average. Among the overweight or obese participants in the study, 14% gained more than 5 pounds. What's more, the participants may not be typical.

"The study followed employees of the National Institutes of Health, an upscale, professional, health-conscious bunch if ever there was one," notes Susan Roberts of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University.

"Weight gain is a likely consequence of overindulgence," she cautions. "It's always easier to overeat than to lose weight, because our bodies don't seem to count a few thousand extra calories, but start screaming hunger if we cut a few thousand."

• Source: Nutrition Action Health Letter (remaining myths to come in a day or two...)

What Type Are You?

It's easier than ever to eat healthy. But with so many smart philosophies out there, it's not always easy to find the right approach for you. Here's how four top athletes get the fuel they need...

The Locavore - If you've ever compared a tomato ripe off the vine with one of those mealy, mass-produced, flavorless ones, you know the superior taste that just-picked food delivers. The locavore aims to capture that flavor difference and promote sustainable, community-based agriculture by favoring "low-mileage" foods over ones that have traveled long distances to arrive at your plate.

The Omnivore - At the core of the omnivore's philosophy is this fact: As long as you don't overindulge, no food is off limits. That means food some might consider forbidden, such as red meat, cheese and oils, are part of the ominvore's diet - in moderation. Allowing yourself a range of options is the strategy of this eater.

The Vegetarian - When it comes to being a vegetarian, there are a few hard and fast rules. Some eat no animal products at all, while others may eat dairy, eggs or fish. Regardless of where you draw the line, a vegetarian diet can provide healthy fuel for athletes. Studies show that vegetarians have a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes and cancer. They also tend to be leaner than meat eaters. Just be sure you're getting these four crucial nutrients: iron, calcium, Vitamin B12 and Omega-3 fatty acids.

The Foodie - In the world of the "Foodie," eating is an experience to be savored - from selecting top-notch ingredients, to cooking the meal, to relishing each bite. It's about slowing down and taking the time to cook and try new things. When you get pleasure out of food, you slow down and are more satisfied - meaning you eat less. Just be sure you try new foods to ensure a healthy balance, use spices to add more health benefits and focus on quality of food, not quantity.

Which one describes your style of eating? Or, do you have one of your own you'd like to share? Enligten us!

How Healthy Is Soy?

Researchers have been debating this question for years. This article may shed some light on specific concerns you may have...

Soy is the epitome of health food: Perhaps only yogurt has a stronger reputation as a food that Americans eat primarily "because it's good for you." Touted as being a heart protector, cancer fighter and a safer alternative to hormones during menopause, soy has long been seen as a miracle food.

Yet the soybean has gotten a bit of a bad rap, thanks to studies linking soy's estrogen-like chemicals with breast cancer. As a result, many women now shun the food and some men believe tofu will make them less manly.

No need to panic. The research linking animal fat to heart disease and cancer are far stronger than those connecting soy to any health problems. So, if you are considering substituting soy for meat or milk, the soybean still shines in comparison, according to Ethan Balk, associate director of the Tufts-New England Medical Center's Evidence-Based Practice Center, who reviewed the studies in 2005.

But if the question is whether to eat large amounts of soy or take supplements, the answer is far more elusive. Here's what the latest findings suggest:

Heart - The most solid evidence on soy credits it with reducing levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol. Balk's review found that eating large amounts of soy foods or taking supplements was linked to a small, but measurable, positive effect. For every 1 percent reduction in LDL levels, there is a corresponding 1 percent reduction in the risk of heart attack or stroke. Additionally, the studies found that the higher a person's LDL levels, the more soy can help.

However, soy's impact on cholesterol wasn't large enough for the American Heart Association, which reversed its position favoring soy supplements, saying that their effects were too small to warrant recommendation.

Bottom Line: It's worth a shot.

Menopausal Symptoms - Because of soy's estrogen-like effects, it has been promoted as an alternative to hormone-replacement for the relief of menopausal symptoms. But Balk's research has found little agreement among the findings. Some studies found large effects, some small, some found none at all.

Bottom Line: Inconclusive.

Breast Cancer - Certain types of breast cancer are fueled by estrogen, so there has been concern that soy might be harmful to women with a genetic predisposition to this disease. Studies in cell culture and in mice found that soy increased the growth of breast cancer cells. On the other hand, Asian women, who tend to eat a soy-based diet, have a threefold lower risk of breast cancer than Western women do—and their risk increases if they immigrate and switch to a Westernized diet. Further, a study found that soy blocked estrogen receptors in monkeys at risk for breast cancer due to high estrogen levels. This suggests soy might be protective for women at high risk.

Bottom Line: Wait and see.

The Upshot -Soy is a great form of low-fat protein, especially for people seeking to cut down on the saturated fat from meat. However, until scientists determine whether large quantities of soy are helpful or harmful to people at risk for breast cancer, moderation is best. As an alternative to fattier animal proteins, it still deserves health-food status.